De acordo com o texto, a pesquisa mencionada pode You know the exit is somewhere along this stretch of highway, but you have never taken it before and do not want to miss it. As you carefully scan the side of the road for the exit sign, numerous distractions intrude on your visual field: billboards, a snazzy convertible, a cell phone buzzing on the dashboard. How does your brain focus on the task at hand? To answer this question, neuroscientists generally study the way the brain strengthens its response to what you are looking for – jolting itself with an especially large electrical pulse when you see it. Another mental trick may be just as important, according to a study published in April in the Journal of Neuroscience: the brain deliberately weakens its reaction to everything else so that the target seems more important in comparison. Such research may eventually help scientists understand what is happening in the brains of people with attention problems, such as attentionͲdeficit/hyperactivity disorder. And in a world increasingly permeated by distractions – a major contributor to traffic accidents – any insights into how the brain pays attention should get ours.

1. A)colaborar para a compreensão de nossas atitudes frente a novas tarefas.
2. B)ajudar pessoas que possuem diversos distúrbios mentais, ainda pouco conhecidos.
3. C)ajudar pessoas que, normalmente, são muito distraídas e desorganizadas.
4. D)colaborar para a compreensão do modo como enxergamos o mundo.
5. E)colaborar para a compreensão do que ocorre no cérebro de pessoas com problemas de atenção. T EXTO PARA AS QUESTÕES 43 E 44 Between now and 2050 the number of people living in cities will grow from 3.9 billion to 6.3 billion. The proportion of urban dwellers will swell from 54% to 67% of the world’s population, according to the UN. In other words, for the next 36 years the world’s cities will expand by the equivalent of six São Paulos every year. This growth will largely occur in developing countries. But most governments there are ignoring the problem, says William Cobbett of the Cities Alliance, an NGO that supports initiatives such as the one launched by New York University to help cities make longͲterm preparations for their growth. “Whether we want it or not, urbanisation is inevitable,” say specialists. “The real question is: how can we improve its quality?” Scientific American, July 2014. Adaptado. st The Economist, June 21 2014. Adaptado.GABARITO