A 42-year-old woman with generalized anxiety disorder has been stable on sertraline 100 mg daily for 2 years. She presents to the emergency department 3 days after starting fluconazole 400 mg daily for vulvovaginal candidiasis. She reports tremor, agitation, and diarrhea that began the day after fluconazole initiation. On examination, temperature is 37.9°C, heart rate 112 bpm, blood pressure 140/85 mmHg. She has hyperreflexia, bilateral ankle clonus, and diaphoresis. Laboratory studies show sodium 127 mEq/L and creatinine 0.9 mg/dL. She denies fever, headache, or muscle rigidity. Which of the following best explains this clinical presentation?
- A)Fluconazole-induced inhibition of CYP3A4 causing increased sertraline metabolism and withdrawal syndrome
- B)Serotonin syndrome resulting from fluconazole inhibition of CYP2D6, increasing sertraline levelsGABARITO
- C)Drug-induced hyponatremia from sertraline causing increased neuronal irritability
- D)Acute angle-closure glaucoma precipitated by sympathomimetic effects of fluconazole
- E)Fluconazole-induced direct inhibition of monoamine oxidase leading to serotonergic excess
Explicação
Fluconazole is a potent CYP2D6 inhibitor that significantly reduces the metabolism of sertraline, a CYP2D6 substrate. This leads to elevated sertraline levels and excessive serotonergic activity, manifesting as serotonin syndrome. The clinical triad of autonom... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →