A 61-year-old man with metastatic pancreatic adenocarcinoma presents with profound weight loss despite consuming 2500 kcal daily. He has lost 35 pounds over 3 months, reduced muscle mass, and marked fatigue. Vital signs: BP 118/76, HR 92, RR 18, temp 37.2°C, SpO2 98%. Serum albumin is 2.8 g/dL. CT imaging confirms metastatic disease. He denies nausea or vomiting. Which cytokine is most strongly implicated in this cachexia syndrome?
- A)TNF alphaGABARITO
- B)IL 5
- C)Calcitonin
- D)Bradykinin
- E)Histamine
Explicação
Cancer cachexia is mediated largely by inflammatory cytokines, especially TNF alpha, along with IL 1 and IL 6. These signals increase resting energy expenditure and promote muscle and fat catabolism, explaining severe wasting that is not fully reversed by nutr... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →