A 35-year-old woman on oral contraceptives presents with left leg swelling, pain, and warmth. Vital signs show BP 118/76, HR 92, RR 16, temp 37°C, SpO2 98%. Doppler ultrasound confirms deep venous thrombosis. Investigators analyzing contraceptive use and DVT risk find weak overall association, but stratified analysis reveals no increased risk among nonsmokers and marked increased risk among smokers. She denies smoking history. Which pattern best describes these findings?
- A)Effect modificationGABARITO
- B)Recall bias
- C)Confounding
- D)Attrition bias
- E)Measurement bias
Explicação
Effect modification, also called interaction, is present when the effect of an exposure on an outcome differs across levels of another variable. Here smoking changes the magnitude of the association between oral contraceptive use and thrombosis, indicating a r... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →