A 59-year-old woman with a 40 pack-year smoking history presents with a 4-year history of chronic productive cough and dyspnea on exertion. Vital signs show BP 138/82 mmHg, HR 96/min, RR 22/min, and SpO2 88% on room air. Spirometry reveals FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.62. She denies orthopnea. Currently takes only albuterol as needed. She meets diagnostic criteria for chronic bronchitis. Which of the following best describes the pathophysiology of her disease?
- A)Immune complex deposition in alveolar basement membrane
- B)Mucus gland hyperplasia and goblet cell metaplasia causing airflow obstructionGABARITO
- C)Bronchial smooth muscle destruction with bronchial dilation
- D)Loss of surfactant from type II pneumocyte injury
- E)Destruction of alveolar walls distal to terminal bronchioles
Explicação
Chronic bronchitis is characterized by mucus gland hyperplasia in the bronchi and goblet cell metaplasia, leading to excessive mucus production and airway obstruction. Smoking drives chronic airway inflammation and increases the Reid index. The classic clinica... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →