A 16-year-old boy with a 3-year history of juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, currently controlled on monotherapy with valproic acid, presents to the emergency department after experiencing 3 generalized tonic-clonic seizures over a 4-hour period. He is alert and oriented between seizures with spontaneous respirations. Vital signs are: BP 128/82 mmHg, HR 102/min, RR 18/min, temperature 37.2°C, SpO2 98% on room air. Serum valproic acid concentration is 65 mcg/mL (therapeutic range 50-100 mcg/mL). The patient denies recent medication non-compliance, head trauma, or prodromal symptoms. Neurologic examination between seizures is non-focal. Which of the following is the most appropriate immediate management?

  1. A)Administer lorazepam 0.1 mg/kg IV and prepare for intubation and ICU admission
  2. B)Administer lorazepam 0.1 mg/kg IV and initiate phenytoin or fosphenytoin loadingGABARITO
  3. C)Obtain non-contrast head CT and lumbar puncture to exclude structural and infectious etiologies
  4. D)Discontinue valproic acid immediately and initiate levetiracetam at a therapeutic dose
  5. E)Monitor closely in the emergency department without additional medication pending repeat valproic acid level

Explicação

This patient presents with a breakthrough cluster of seizures (2 or more seizures without complete recovery of consciousness between them) despite therapeutic valproic acid levels. This clinical scenario meets criteria for active, ongoing seizure activity requ... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →

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