A 23-year-old male college student presents with a 6-month history of excessive daytime somnolence despite obtaining 7–8 hours of nocturnal sleep. He reports sudden, irresistible episodes of sleep lasting 10–30 minutes occurring multiple times daily, after which he feels briefly refreshed. He denies snoring or witnessed apneic episodes. Additionally, he describes sudden bilateral leg weakness lasting 20–60 seconds that occurs when laughing with friends or experiencing excitement. His neurologic examination is otherwise unremarkable. Brain MRI, including the hypothalamus, is normal. A lumbar puncture is performed. Which of the following CSF findings is most consistent with the patient's clinical diagnosis?
- A)Elevated 14-3-3 protein with total tau >400 pg/mL
- B)Decreased hypocretin-1 (orexin-A) levels (<110 pg/mL)GABARITO
- C)Oligoclonal bands with elevated IgG index
- D)Elevated neuron-specific enolase with pleocytosis
- E)Anti-NMDA receptor antibodies with normal cell count
Explicação
The patient presents with the classic tetrad of narcolepsy type 1: excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep-onset REM periods, cataplexy (sudden loss of muscle tone triggered by strong emotion), and sleep paralysis. Narcolepsy type 1 is an autoimmune condition char... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →