A 62-year-old man with 45 pack-year smoking history presents for routine follow-up. CT chest screening reveals a 1.2-cm nodule (Lung-RADS 3); PET-CT shows no hypermetabolic activity. Five years post-diagnosis, screened patients demonstrate significantly longer overall survival compared to unscreened controls, yet lung cancer-specific mortality rates remain identical between groups. He denies hemoptysis and maintains baseline functional status. Which phenomenon best explains the improved survival difference despite unchanged disease mortality?
- A)Length-time bias
- B)Recall bias
- C)Selection bias
- D)Lead-time biasGABARITO
- E)Confounding by indication
Explicação
Lead-time bias occurs when earlier detection makes survival from the time of diagnosis appear longer even though the natural course of disease and time of death are unchanged. The clue is unchanged disease-specific mortality despite apparently longer survival ... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →