A male infant is born at 32 weeks gestation to a mother with poorly controlled diabetes. Within minutes of birth he develops tachypnea, grunting, nasal flaring, and intercostal retractions. Chest radiograph shows diffuse reticulogranular ground glass opacities with air bronchograms. Which of the following is the most likely primary mechanism of this infant's disease?
- A)Decreased surfactant causing increased alveolar surface tension and collapseGABARITO
- B)Failure of alveolar macrophage activation leading to impaired bacterial clearance
- C)Destruction of elastic tissue by neutrophil elastase
- D)Persistence of fetal pulmonary vascular resistance causing right to left shunting
- E)Abnormal foregut partitioning causing aspiration of feeds
Explicação
Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome is caused by insufficient surfactant from immature type II pneumocytes. Increased alveolar surface tension leads to atelectasis, decreased lung compliance, intrapulmonary shunting, and formation of hyaline membranes. Prem... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →