A 17-year-old girl with episodic wheezing, chest tightness, and cough triggered by cat exposure and exercise presents with HR 102 bpm, RR 22/min, and SpO2 98% on room air. Symptoms resolve within 15 minutes of inhaled albuterol. Spirometry shows FEV1/FVC ratio of 0.68 that improves 12% post-bronchodilator. She denies fever, productive cough, or orthopnea. Which of the following best explains the airflow limitation in this patient?
- A)Irreversible destruction of alveolar septa
- B)Obliteration of small airways by granulation tissue
- C)Reversible bronchial hyperresponsiveness with smooth muscle constriction and mucus pluggingGABARITO
- D)Fibrotic thickening of the interstitium with reduced compliance
- E)Pleural inflammation causing reduced chest wall expansion
Explicação
Asthma is a reversible obstructive lung disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, bronchoconstriction, inflammation, and mucus production. Allergic triggers and exercise are common precipitants, and bronchodilator responsiveness is classic. Over tim... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →