A 34-year-old woman with HIV infection (CD4 count 45 cells/μL) on antiretroviral therapy presents with a 3-day history of fever (39.2°C), severe headache, and neck stiffness. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis reveals elevated protein (145 mg/dL), low glucose (28 mg/dL, serum glucose 110 mg/dL), and positive cryptococcal antigen. Amphotericin B deoxycholate is initiated at standard dosing with aggressive intravenous hydration (normal saline 1 L every 8 hours). After 7 days of therapy, the patient develops flank pain, oliguria, and worsening renal function (serum creatinine increased from 0.9 to 3.8 mg/dL, BUN 92 mg/dL). Urinalysis shows muddy brown casts but no proteinuria or hematuria. Which of the following interventions would most effectively reduce the risk of further amphotericin B-associated nephrotoxicity?
- A)Increase intravenous normal saline hydration to 500 mL/hour in addition to current regimen
- B)Add N-acetylcysteine and reduce amphotericin B dosing by 25%
- C)Switch to liposomal amphotericin B formulationGABARITO
- D)Substitute fluconazole for amphotericin B and reduce frequency to every other day
- E)Discontinue amphotericin B immediately and initiate voriconazole monotherapy
Explicação
Liposomal amphotericin B is significantly less nephrotoxic than the conventional deoxycholate formulation because the lipid envelope prevents direct binding to renal tubular membranes, which is the primary mechanism of amphotericin B-induced acute tubular necr... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →