A 61 year old man presents with chronic productive cough for several years and worsening dyspnea. He has smoked 1.5 packs of cigarettes daily since age 18. Physical examination shows cyanosis, wheezing, and bilateral ankle edema. Which of the following pathologic changes is most strongly associated with this patient's pulmonary disease?
- A)Caseating granulomas with apical cavitation
- B)Fibroblast foci with honeycombing of the lower lobes
- C)Increased Reid index from mucus gland hyperplasiaGABARITO
- D)Enlargement of air spaces distal to terminal bronchioles
- E)Noncaseating granulomas and elevated angiotensin converting enzyme
Explicação
Increased Reid index from mucus gland hyperplasia is correct. Chronic bronchitis is defined clinically by productive cough for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive years and is linked to smoking induced mucus gland enlargement and goblet cell hyperplasia... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →