A 34-year-old man with HIV infection presents to the emergency department with a 3-week history of progressive dyspnea and nonproductive cough. He reports subjective fever and night sweats. He was diagnosed with HIV 6 months ago but has not yet initiated antiretroviral therapy. Physical examination reveals tachypnea (respiratory rate 28/min) and oxygen saturation of 89% on room air. Temperature is 38.2°C. Chest X-ray shows bilateral symmetric ground-glass opacities predominantly in the perihilar and mid-lung zones. Laboratory studies reveal CD4+ count of 75 cells/mm³, HIV RNA >100,000 copies/mL, and serum LDH of 520 U/L (normal <400). Induced sputum Gram stain and routine bacterial culture are negative. Sputum AFB smear is negative. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

  1. A)Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumoniaGABARITO
  2. B)Pulmonary tuberculosis with miliary pattern
  3. C)Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis
  4. D)Community-acquired bacterial pneumonia
  5. E)Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis

Explicação

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) is the most likely diagnosis. The clinical presentation is classic: CD4 count <100 cells/mm³, subacute presentation (3 weeks) with progressive dyspnea and nonproductive cough, fever, hypoxemia with relatively preserved lu... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →

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