A 62-year-old woman with a 10-year history of hypertension presents to the emergency department with progressive dyspnea on exertion over the past 3 months, orthopnea requiring 3 pillows at night, and lower extremity edema. She denies chest pain or palpitations. Vital signs show BP 158/92 mmHg, HR 98 bpm, RR 22/min, and oxygen saturation 94% on room air. Physical examination reveals bilateral crackles at the lung bases, a laterally displaced point of maximal impulse, an S3 gallop, and elevated jugular venous pressure at 8 cm H2O. Basic metabolic panel shows Na 138 mEq/L, K 4.2 mEq/L, and Cr 1.0 mg/dL. Chest X-ray demonstrates pulmonary edema. Transthoracic echocardiography shows a left ventricular ejection fraction of 35% with global hypokinesis and no significant valvular disease. Which of the following is the most appropriate initial pharmacologic management strategy?

  1. A)ACE inhibitor and beta-blocker
  2. B)Furosemide, ACE inhibitor, and beta-blockerGABARITO
  3. C)Inotropic support with dobutamine and milrinone
  4. D)Immediate initiation of spironolactone monotherapy
  5. E)Calcium channel blocker and long-acting nitrate

Explicação

This patient presents with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) manifesting as pulmonary edema (orthopnea, crackles, pulmonary edema on CXR) and systemic congestion (elevated JVP, edema). Initial management requires a... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →

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