A 32-year-old female presents with left leg swelling and pain. She uses oral contraceptives and smokes one pack daily. Vital signs: BP 118/76, HR 92, RR 16, Temp 37°C, SpO2 98%. D-dimer is elevated at 850 ng/mL; venous ultrasound confirms deep venous thrombosis. Investigators note weak overall association between oral contraceptive use and DVT, but find no increased risk among nonsmokers and marked increased risk among smokers. She denies recent surgery. Which best describes this epidemiologic pattern?
- A)Effect modificationGABARITO
- B)Measurement bias
- C)Attrition bias
- D)Confounding
- E)Recall bias
Explicação
Effect modification, also called interaction, is present when the effect of an exposure on an outcome differs across levels of another variable. Here smoking changes the magnitude of the association between oral contraceptive use and thrombosis, indicating a r... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →