A 58-year-old man with no known drug allergies presents to the operating room for elective right inguinal hernia repair under general anesthesia. He receives cefazolin 1 g IV 30 minutes before incision for surgical prophylaxis. Within 15 minutes, he develops hypotension (82/50 mmHg, baseline 128/76), tachycardia (118 bpm), hypoxemia (SpO2 91% on room air), diffuse urticaria, periorbital and lip edema, and inspiratory stridor. Epinephrine 0.3 mg IM is administered with clinical improvement. The procedure is postponed. Serum-specific IgE antibodies to cefazolin are confirmed on formal allergy testing. The patient will require antibiotics for a future surgical procedure. Which of the following best describes the relationship between cefazolin hypersensitivity and the safety profile of other beta-lactam agents in this patient?

1. A)All penicillins and cephalosporins are absolutely contraindicated; only fluoroquinolones or macrolides should be used
2. B)Third-generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone, cefotaxime) have minimal cross-reactivity risk (<3%) and can be used with appropriate monitoringGABARITO
3. C)First-generation cephalosporins share an identical R-group side chain with penicillins and must be avoided, but second-generation agents are safe
4. D)Penicillins are safe because cephalosporin allergy is always related to contaminating penicillin from manufacturing, not the cephalosporin itself
5. E)Meropenem (carbapenem) is contraindicated due to identical beta-lactam ring structure, but aztreonam can be safely substituted