A premature female infant is born at 29 weeks gestation to a mother with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. Soon after birth, the infant develops tachypnea, nasal flaring, and intercostal retractions. Oxygen saturation remains low despite supplemental oxygen. Chest x-ray shows diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities with air bronchograms. Which of the following is the most likely underlying cause of this infant's respiratory failure?
- A)Destruction of alveolar septa by neutrophil elastase
- B)Hyperplasia of mucus secreting bronchiolar cells
- C)Deficiency of surfactant produced by type II pneumocytesGABARITO
- D)Failure of closure of the ductus arteriosus
- E)Defective ciliary dynein arms
Explicação
Deficiency of surfactant produced by type II pneumocytes is correct. Prematurity and maternal diabetes increase the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome because immature type II pneumocytes produce inadequate surfactant, causing alveolar collapse and... Ver explicação completa e trilha adaptativa →