A 62-year-old man with a history of hypertension presents to the emergency department with a 3-week history of progressive dyspnea on exertion, orthopnea, and lower extremity edema. Vital signs are BP 158/94 mmHg, HR 110 bpm, RR 22/min, and SpO2 92% on room air. Physical examination reveals bibasilar crackles, an elevated jugular venous pressure, and 2+ pitting ankle edema. A transthoracic echocardiogram demonstrates a left ventricular ejection fraction of 32% with global hypokinesis. BNP is 520 pg/mL. After stabilization with diuretics, the cardiologist initiates carvedilol, a mixed β1-adrenergic and α-adrenergic receptor antagonist. Which of the following best explains the therapeutic benefit of this agent in this patient's condition?

1. A)Increased myocardial contractility through enhanced calcium channel activity
2. B)Decreased myocardial oxygen demand by reducing heart rate and contractilityGABARITO
3. C)Promotion of coronary artery vasodilation through direct smooth muscle relaxation
4. D)Inhibition of the parasympathetic nervous system to increase cardiac output
5. E)Enhanced atrioventricular nodal conduction to improve diastolic filling